题目
Two of the key risks facing insurance companies are moral hazard and adverse selection. Three of the following examples are illustrations of moral hazard, but one is an example of adverse selection. Which is the example of adverse selection?
选项
A.An individual buys health insurance and consequently increases their demand for health care services.
B.A cell phone owner buys a "total equipment protection" insurance plan and, consequently, becomes more careless with the phone.
C.Because it is backed by a government-sponsored deposit insurance plan, a bank is less worried about losing depositors and consequently it takes on more risks.
D.A health insurance company is mandated by government to offer the same price (premium cost) to all new customers so that it cannot increase the relative price of riskier customers and consequently it attracts more high-risk customers.
答案
D
解析
This is an example of adverse selection, but (A), (B) and (C) are examples of moral hazard. 道德风险是指因为保险合约的存在造成持保人的行为与不持有保险时的行为有所不同，从而触发的风险，这种行为的不同往往会增大保险公司的风险，预期赔偿也会增大。ABC就是道德风险的例子。 逆向选择（ adverse selection）是用来描述保险公司在提供保险之前不能区分好的风险和坏的风险而带来的问题。对于不同客户，如果保险公司为所有投保人提供的产品价格相等，就会给保险公司带来更多坏的风险。如果一家保险公司不能区分好的驾驶员和坏的驾驶员，从而给两类驾驶员提供的保险价格相同，就会吸引更多的坏的驾驶员来投保；如果家保险公司不能区分健康和不健康的投保人，从而给他们同样价格的健康保险，这家保险公司肯定会吸引更多不健康的投保人。